BigQuery's Pipe syntax: Ka dhigista SQL Fudud, Dhakhso, iyo Wax badan oo la akhriyi karo

Qof kasta oo la shaqeeyay SQL wuu garanayaa xidhiidhka jacaylka-nacaybka ee la socda. SQL waa mid awood leh, la jaanqaadaysa, oo muujinaysa—laakiin sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah luuqadaha ugu caqli-galsan ee lagu akhriyo laguna ilaaliyo qiyaasta. Mar kasta oo su'aalahaagu sii korodho, way sii adkaanaysaa in la fahmo waxa dhabta ah ee dhacaya iyo sida ay u kala horreeyaan.

Taasi waa sababta oo ah SQL uma qulqulo sida aad u malaynayso. Waxaad ku bilaabaysaa qoraal SELECT, laakiin xog-ururinta run ahaantii taas kama hawl gasho marka hore. Matoorku wuxuu ku bilaabmaa FROM faqrad, dabadeed ku biira xogta, shaandhaysa, isu geyn, oo kaliya hadhow waxay khusaysaa kala-soocidda iyo saadaalinta. Natiijadu waa weydiimo qoran gadaal marka loo eego qaabka loo fuliyay.

Is-waafajin la'aantan u dhaxaysa syntax iyo fulinta waxay SQL ka dhigaysaa mid garasho ahaan culus iyo xisaab ahaanba qaali ah. Falanqeeyayaasha inta badan waxay ku tiirsan yihiin su'aalo-hoosaadyo ama Odhaahyada Miiska Caadiga ah (CTE-yada) si loo ekaysiiyo socodka sare-ilaa-hoose, isagoo ku daraya kakanaanta aan loo baahnayn iyo dib-u-celinta. Xitaa isticmaalayaasha khibradda leh waxay ku dhameeyaan inay tirtiraan blocksyada macquulka ah halkii ay diiradda saari lahaayeen dhibaatada ay xallinayaan.

Si taas wax looga qabto. BigQuery Taageerada 1s waxay u fuliyaan isla siday u kala horreeyaan. Halkii aad ku qori lahayd macquulka gudaha, waxaad u qortaa tallaabo-tallaabo, sida dhuumaha xogta—line kasta oo ka dhigan isbeddel gaar ah. Natiijadu waa SQL ka sahlan in la fahmo, fududahay in la saxo, oo aad uga dareen badan falanqaynta xogta casriga ah.

Sawirka sare waxa uu muujinayaa mushkilada xudunta u ah tubada xalinta. SQL-dhaqameedka, habaynta isku dhafan (sida aad u qorto su'aal) ayaa si khaldan ula socota nidaamka semantic (sida xogtu dhab ahaantii u shaqeyso). Tusaale ahaan, SELECT waxa uu ka soo baxaa meesha ugu sareysa, laakiin matoorku ma qiimeeyo ilaa ka dib ku biirida, shaandhaynta, kooxaynta, iyo kala soocida la sameeyo.

Tixdani waxay ka dhigan tahay qulqulka macquulka ah iyo isku-dhafka ah ee weydiinta dhuumaha BigQuery - kor ilaa hoose, bidix ilaa midig - oo muujinaya sida xogtu dhab ahaantii u socodsiiso xogta.

• Laga soo bilaabo: Meesha laga bilaabayo weydiinta tuubada kasta. Qeexayaa shaxda hore ama subquery kaas oo xogtu ka socoto. Marka la eego tubada, FROM keligiis u istaagi karaa sidii su'aal sax ah oo u dhaqma sidii gelitaanka dhuumaha isku xiga.
• KU BIIR: Wuxuu ku kordhiyaa shaxda hadda leh tiirar iyo safaf kale oo miis kale ah. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa dhowr jeer oo isku xigta (|> JOIN table USING (key)), samaynta isku xidhka bidix ee geedaha la akhriyi karo iyada oo aan lahayn su'aalo hoose.
• DHEGEYSO: Waxay cusbooneysiisaa qiyamka tiirarka ee meesha (|> SET column = expression). Hawlaha sida SELECT * REPLACE(...) sida caadiga ah SQL laakiin aad loo akhriyi karo oo modular ah marka loo isticmaalo tallaabada dhuumaha.
• KORDHA: Wuxuu ku daraa tiirarka la xisaabiyay ee xogta jirta (|> EXTEND expression AS new_column). Si la mid ah SELECT *, safka cusub ee caadiga ah ee SQL laakiin waxa uu ogolaanayaa abuuritaanka kordhinta meelaha la soo saaray ee u dhexeeya hawlgallada kale sida ku biirista iyo filtarrada.
• DEJI: Waxay ka saartaa hal ama dhowr tiir oo ka mid ah xogta hadda jirta (|> DROP column_name). U dhiganta SELECT * EXCEPT(column) sida caadiga ah SQL waxaana badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu fududeeyo wax soo saarka ama lagu dhimo cabbirka xogta dhexe.
• Xagee: Shaandheeya safafka buuxiya shuruud (|> WHERE condition). Waxay ka soo muuqan kartaa meel kasta oo ka mid ah dhuumaha, ka hor ama ka dib isku darka, ka saara baahida loo qabo ereyada muhiimka ah ee kala duwan sida LAHAANSHAHA ama U qalmida.
• URUR: Wuxuu sameeyaa miis buuxa ama kooxaysan|> AGGREGATE SUM(column) AS total GROUP BY category). Beddela GROUP BY oo isku daraa hawlaha gudaha Xulashada, fududaynta ereyga iyo waafajinta nidaamka macquulka ah ee hawlgallada.
• DALALKA: U kala sooca safafka sida kor u baxa ama u soo degaya (|> ORDER BY column DESC). Waxay soo saartaa shaxda natiijada la dalbaday oo ay raaci karaan hawl-wadeenada sida LIMIT.
• XADKA Wuxuu xaddidaa tirada safafka ee natiijada (|> LIMIT 10). Ka dib shaqeeya ORDER BY ama miisaska aan amarka lahayn, ilaalinta isku xigxiga dabiiciga ah ee filtarrada iyo isu geynta.
• WAC: Wuxuu fuliyaa miis-qiimihiisa shaqo ama moodka barashada mashiinka isagoo isticmaalaya shaxda hadda jirta sida soo-gelinta (|> CALL ML.PREDICT(MODEL project.model_name)). Waxay meesha ka saaraysaa baahida loo qabo wicitaano shaqo oo buul leh, abuurista toosan iyo socod shaqo oo la akhriyi karo.
• Xulo: Wuxuu qeexayaa saadaasha ugu dambeysa ee tiirarka si loogu daro wax soo saarka (|> SELECT column1, column2). Waxay u adeegtaa sidii hawlgalka xidhitaanka ee dhuumaha, oo la mid ah kan ugu dambeeya SELECT su'aal SQL caadi ah.

Hoos waxaa ku yaal xaaladaha ugu caansan halkaas oo tubbada syntax ay fududayso macquulka SQL, taasoo ka dhigaysa su'aalaha nadiif ah oo degdeg ah in lala shaqeeyo.

Isku-darka Xogta Aan Su'aalo-weydiin

Isku soo wada duuboo waa halka SQL uu bilaabo inuu dareemo gudaha-baxa. Haddii aad rabto in aad wax tiriso, markaas tiri tirooyinkaas, waxaad si lama filaan ah ugu jirtaa jahannamada qawladaha.

SELECT c_count, COUNT(*) AS custdist
FROM (
  SELECT c_custkey, COUNT(o_orderkey) AS c_count
  FROM customer
  JOIN orders ON c_custkey = o_custkey
  WHERE o_comment NOT LIKE '%unusual%packages%'
  GROUP BY c_custkey
)
GROUP BY c_count
ORDER BY custdist DESC;

FROM customer
|> JOIN orders ON c_custkey = o_custkey
   AND o_comment NOT LIKE '%unusual%packages%'
|> AGGREGATE COUNT(o_orderkey) AS c_count GROUP BY c_custkey
|> AGGREGATE COUNT(*) AS custdist GROUP BY c_count
|> ORDER BY custdist DESC;

Ma jiro buul ama koox-kooxeed dambe. Tallaabo kastaa waxay u socotaa si macquul ah oo si madaxbanaan ayaa loo beddeli karaa iyada oo aan dib loo qorin dhammaan su'aalaha.

Nadiifinta iyo Beddelka Tiirarka Tallaabo Talaabo

Markaad u baahato inaad qoraalka far-yar, xisaabiso wadarta, oo aad tuurto tiirar dheeri ah, heerka SQL wuxuu kugu qasbayaa inaad dib u qorto dhowr. SELECT hadallada. Tubooyinka syntax ayaa soo bandhigaya SET, EXTEND, Iyo DROP hawlwadeennada si aad u dabaqdo isbeddellada isku xiga.

SELECT o_custkey, ROUND(o_totalprice) AS total_price
FROM (
  SELECT
    o_custkey,
    o_totalprice,
    LOWER(o_orderstatus) AS o_orderstatus
  FROM orders
)
WHERE total_price > 1000;

FROM orders
|> SET o_orderstatus = LOWER(o_orderstatus)
|> EXTEND ROUND(o_totalprice) AS total_price
|> WHERE total_price > 1000
|> SELECT o_custkey, total_price;

Qalliin kastaa wuxuu ku dhisan yahay kii hore, taasoo sahlaysa in la raadiyo isbeddellada iyo dib-u-isticmaalka macquulka ah.

Shaandhaynta Isku-darka ka dib Adoo aan Xasuusan "HAYNTA"

Mid ka mid ah quirks SQL ayaa ah in waqtiga filtarrada ay isbeddelaan iyadoo ku xiran qodobka. Adigu isticmaal WHERE inta aan la kooxaysan iyo HAVING ka dib, laakiin dhab ahaantii, labaduba waxay shaandheeyaan safafka. Tubooyinka syntax waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad isticmaasho WHERE si joogto ah, iyadoon loo eegayn meesha aad dhigto.

SELECT department, COUNT(*) AS emp_count
FROM employees
WHERE active = TRUE
GROUP BY department
HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;

FROM employees
|> WHERE active = TRUE
|> AGGREGATE COUNT(*) AS emp_count GROUP BY department
|> WHERE emp_count > 5;

Hadda waxaad u qori kartaa filtarrada si isku mid ah oo aad uga fikirto iyaga: marka hore sifee xogta, ka dibna kooxde, ka dibna mar kale ku shaandhee natiijooyinka.

Su'aalaha Ciribtirka La'aanta Miisaska Ku Meel Gaarka ah

Heerka SQL, hubinta natiijada dhexdhexaadka ah waxay u baahan tahay abuurista miis ku meel gaar ah ama ku duub koodka CTE-yo badan. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo syntax tuubbada, waxaad ku wadi kartaa weydiinta ilaa meel kasta oo dhuumaha ah.

WITH filtered AS (
  SELECT * FROM orders WHERE o_totalprice > 500
),
summed AS (
  SELECT o_custkey, SUM(o_totalprice) AS total
  FROM filtered GROUP BY o_custkey
)
SELECT * FROM summed WHERE total > 10000;

FROM orders
|> WHERE o_totalprice > 500
|> AGGREGATE SUM(o_totalprice) AS total GROUP BY o_custkey
|> WHERE total > 10000;

Horgale kasta oo weydiinta waa la fulin karaa kaligiis, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaad "baari karto" xogta marxalad kasta. Waa ka nadiifsan, hab is-dhexgal badan oo wax lagu saxo laguna cel-celiyo.

Silsiladda moodooyinka iyo hawlaha bilaa buul

Markaad la shaqaynayso hawlo miis ku qiimaysan ama moodooyinka BigQuery ML, buulku waxay si dhakhso ah u noqon kartaa mid aan la akhriyin. Syntax tuubbadu waxay ku beddeshaa wicitaannada buul-ku-xidhan ee silsiladda tooska ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo CALL.

SELECT *
FROM ML.PREDICT(
  MODEL `project.sentiment_model`,
  (SELECT text FROM reviews)
);

SELECT text FROM reviews
|> CALL ML.PREDICT(MODEL `project.sentiment_model`);

Haddii aad dalbato noocyo kala duwan ama isbeddello, waxaad si fudud u soo ururinaysaa khadadka Wicitaannada - looma baahna jaan-qaadyo.

Xog-ururinta iyada oo aan la dooran

Xog-ururintu waxay had iyo jeer ahayd hannaan caajis ah, oo inta badan u baahan lakabyo hoose. Tubooyinka syntax waxay u fududeeyaan hal isku xigxiga.

SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT n_name, c_acctbal, c_mktsegment
  FROM customer JOIN nation USING (n_nationkey)
)
PIVOT(SUM(c_acctbal) FOR n_name IN ('PERU', 'KENYA', 'JAPAN'));

FROM customer
|> JOIN nation USING (n_nationkey)
|> SELECT n_name, c_acctbal, c_mktsegment
|> PIVOT(SUM(c_acctbal) FOR n_name IN ('PERU', 'KENYA', 'JAPAN'));

Weydiinta hadda waxay u akhridaa sida sheeko: ku billow xogtaada, ku biir, dooro waxaad u baahan tahay, ka dibna pivot.

Waa maxay Sababta Isku-dhafka Pipe-u yahay Ciyaar-Beddelaha

Syntax tuubbadu dib uma soo noolaynayso SQL- way caddaynaysaa. Waxay ilaalisaa wax kasta oo awood leh oo ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedka caddaynta ee SQL laakiin waxay ka saartaa korka sare ee garashada qoraalka macquulka ah.

Saynisyahanada xogta, falanqeeyayaasha, iyo injineerada, taasi waxay ka dhigan tahay:

• Way fududahay in la akhriyo, la qoro, oo la saxo weydiimaha
• Ma jiri doono jugling subqueries ama CTE-yada hawlaha fudud
• Caqli toosan oo ka tarjumaysa sida aad dhab ahaantii u malaynayso
• Waxqabad ka wanaagsan iyo hawlgallo aan caadi ahayn oo yar

Tubooyinka BigQuery's syntax waa SQL ee casriga casriga ah - toosan, dareen leh, oo loo habeeyay falanqaynta dhabta ah ee aduunka.

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